E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the internet. It includes various models such as business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). E-commerce platforms like Amazon, Flipkart, and eBay allow businesses and individuals to reach a global customer base, offering convenience, wide product selection, and competitive pricing. Transactions are typically completed through secure online payment systems.

The growth of e-commerce has transformed traditional retail by making shopping more accessible and efficient. It has enabled 24/7 availability, personalized recommendations through data analytics, and faster delivery options. Additionally, mobile commerce (m-commerce) and social media integration have further expanded e-commerce reach, making it a vital part of the modern digital economy.